Exclusive:: Information Cico and beautiful car for the new U.S. president ((Obama))
In the name of God the Merciful
Peace and mercy of God be upon you
Today Jyblkm theme for a car the next U.S. President Barack Obama
The General Motors Cadillac test last summer, specifically tailored to the next President of the United States, whether McCain or Obama was elected and now Obama is likely that he will soon be received by
The car has been completely laminated with the finer details behind the slots so that the keys for fear of snipers use to hit the passengers and the car are based on a GMC pickup volume Hefei Duty 2500
Surely you are all familiar with Air Force One, the US President's own personal aircraft - well now meet Cadillac One, the President's personal limousine.
Believe it or not, this isn'ta new long-wheel base model from the GM stable for general consumption - this is a limousine being specifically built for President George W.
Bush.
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Friday, April 9, 2010
....*** ِAuto mechanics .***....
Continued:: How can increase the capacity of the engine:::
Mechanical efficiency:
Competency is defined as the amount of mechanical power output of the engine relative to the capacity resulting from the thermal energy generated inside the cylinders Mechanical efficiency = power output of the engine (the ability Faramlip) ÷ power generated inside the cylinders (capacity charts) 4 - Reduce the loss in torque (increase of mechanical efficiency Mechanical Efficiency ME): Can reduce the power loss due to friction inside the engine because of the operation or parts of the internal or external accessories on the motor vehicle:
A - Design rate of engine parts B - reduce energy loss Mahlqat to run the engine.
A - Design rate of engine parts to reduce friction loss:
- Use the drive ratio of Qatar / stroke Bore / stroke ratio greater than one which is called drive (the box) oversquare engine, in which the diameter is greater than half.
This leads to reduce the length of half while maintaining the capacity of the cylinder, and might be less the amount of energy lost in friction.
- PVC coating on the inside with reduced friction.
B - reduce energy (power) lost for the operation of the engine Mahlqat internal and external: -
Separation of the cam in the engine column camless valvetrain, where about 25% of engine capacity is lost in the speed of pregnancy as a result of power-free efforts to open the valves against the spring.
- Use electric cooling fan (rather than the mechanical fan that takes traffic through the column annex)
- Use an electric supportive of the direction (rather than servo-hydraulic, which takes its movement through the column annex)
- Use a supportive (Power Mister brake) (instead of the servo-hydraulic, which takes its movement through the column annex).
Or the use of supportive dislocations.
Can be summarized as the factors affecting the ability of the engine by the following equation, In the case of the desire to increase the capacity of the engine, this is done by increasing the value of the limits of the equation: Engine capacity = (amount of energy emerging from the engine) ÷ unit time = ((Amount of energy coming out of cylinders) × mechanical efficiency) ÷ unit time = (((The amount of energy contained within the shipment of fuel) × thermal efficiency) × mechanical efficiency) ÷ unit time = ((((Cylinders × volumetric efficiency) × calorific value of fuel) × thermal efficiency) × mechanical efficiency) ÷ unit time Engine capacity can be increased by: -
Increase the capacity of the engine - Increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine - Use of fuel with high heat value - Increase the thermal efficiency of the engine - Increased mechanical efficiency of the engine
Mechanical efficiency:
Competency is defined as the amount of mechanical power output of the engine relative to the capacity resulting from the thermal energy generated inside the cylinders Mechanical efficiency = power output of the engine (the ability Faramlip) ÷ power generated inside the cylinders (capacity charts) 4 - Reduce the loss in torque (increase of mechanical efficiency Mechanical Efficiency ME): Can reduce the power loss due to friction inside the engine because of the operation or parts of the internal or external accessories on the motor vehicle:
A - Design rate of engine parts B - reduce energy loss Mahlqat to run the engine.
A - Design rate of engine parts to reduce friction loss:
- Use the drive ratio of Qatar / stroke Bore / stroke ratio greater than one which is called drive (the box) oversquare engine, in which the diameter is greater than half.
This leads to reduce the length of half while maintaining the capacity of the cylinder, and might be less the amount of energy lost in friction.
- PVC coating on the inside with reduced friction.
B - reduce energy (power) lost for the operation of the engine Mahlqat internal and external: -
Separation of the cam in the engine column camless valvetrain, where about 25% of engine capacity is lost in the speed of pregnancy as a result of power-free efforts to open the valves against the spring.
- Use electric cooling fan (rather than the mechanical fan that takes traffic through the column annex)
- Use an electric supportive of the direction (rather than servo-hydraulic, which takes its movement through the column annex)
- Use a supportive (Power Mister brake) (instead of the servo-hydraulic, which takes its movement through the column annex).
Or the use of supportive dislocations.
Can be summarized as the factors affecting the ability of the engine by the following equation, In the case of the desire to increase the capacity of the engine, this is done by increasing the value of the limits of the equation: Engine capacity = (amount of energy emerging from the engine) ÷ unit time = ((Amount of energy coming out of cylinders) × mechanical efficiency) ÷ unit time = (((The amount of energy contained within the shipment of fuel) × thermal efficiency) × mechanical efficiency) ÷ unit time = ((((Cylinders × volumetric efficiency) × calorific value of fuel) × thermal efficiency) × mechanical efficiency) ÷ unit time Engine capacity can be increased by: -
Increase the capacity of the engine - Increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine - Use of fuel with high heat value - Increase the thermal efficiency of the engine - Increased mechanical efficiency of the engine
....*** ِAuto mechanics .***....
Continued:: How can increase the capacity of the engine:::
2 - (a) increase the efficiency of combustion (thermal efficiency): - Increasing the compression ratio compression ratio Compression ratio = volume of space above the piston at the point at the bottom ÷ dead space volume above the piston at the upper dead point Increase the compression ratio to increase the efficiency of fuel consumption and capacity.
Compression ratio for gasoline engines within the limits of 8 to 1:9, and diesel within 17 to 1:19.
- Use of electronic fuel injection Electronic fuel injection (EFI) - Use of e-Ignition Electronic ignition - Modified the engine design and engine design and modifications, to increase the excitement inside the engine, and increase the degree of mixing, and this is done through the design of the combustion chamber and manifold.
2 - (b) take advantage of some of the energy lost with the exhaust gases: - Use the Atkinson cycle instead of the Otto cycle, where the ratio of expansion is greater than the compression ratio of the engine.
3 - increase the length of the annex to the column of the annex:
- This depends on the design of crankshaft, the more the greater the length of the annex stresses on the column.
2 - (a) increase the efficiency of combustion (thermal efficiency): - Increasing the compression ratio compression ratio Compression ratio = volume of space above the piston at the point at the bottom ÷ dead space volume above the piston at the upper dead point Increase the compression ratio to increase the efficiency of fuel consumption and capacity.
Compression ratio for gasoline engines within the limits of 8 to 1:9, and diesel within 17 to 1:19.
- Use of electronic fuel injection Electronic fuel injection (EFI) - Use of e-Ignition Electronic ignition - Modified the engine design and engine design and modifications, to increase the excitement inside the engine, and increase the degree of mixing, and this is done through the design of the combustion chamber and manifold.
2 - (b) take advantage of some of the energy lost with the exhaust gases: - Use the Atkinson cycle instead of the Otto cycle, where the ratio of expansion is greater than the compression ratio of the engine.
3 - increase the length of the annex to the column of the annex:
- This depends on the design of crankshaft, the more the greater the length of the annex stresses on the column.
....*** New ideas for car care .***....
Continued:: How can increase the capacity of the engine:::
Thermal efficiency:
Since the volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) decide the amount of cargo entering the cylinders, the thermal efficiency to decide how much of the fuel energy inside with the shipment can be converted to useful energy.
Thermal efficiency = energy ÷ learned of the fuel energy in the fuel And can be learned from the increased energy fuel by:
A - improve combustion, increase the combustion efficiency (thermal efficiency (Thermal Efficiency TE)
B - Reduce the loss in thermal energy, (loss in thermal energy, cooling water 30-35%, the exhaust gases 35-45%), friction inside the engine 5-8% in addition to the energy needed to run the engine accessories)
Thermal efficiency:
Since the volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) decide the amount of cargo entering the cylinders, the thermal efficiency to decide how much of the fuel energy inside with the shipment can be converted to useful energy.
Thermal efficiency = energy ÷ learned of the fuel energy in the fuel And can be learned from the increased energy fuel by:
A - improve combustion, increase the combustion efficiency (thermal efficiency (Thermal Efficiency TE)
B - Reduce the loss in thermal energy, (loss in thermal energy, cooling water 30-35%, the exhaust gases 35-45%), friction inside the engine 5-8% in addition to the energy needed to run the engine accessories)
>> Taaaaaaba ....*** ِAuto mechanics .***....
Continued:: How can increase the capacity of the engine:::
What is::
The relationship between the volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) and engine torque:
The greater the degree of fullness ذاد engine torque, and for this we find that the torque curve for the speed of rotation of the engine efficiency curve similar fullness. In the slow rotation speeds are low and the efficiency of filling it will be determined shortly, with the increase in speed increases the efficiency of fullness and increased torque, and speed at which the then maximum efficiency is then filled with maximum torque, and increase the speed more than that as a result reduced the degree of fullness of the cargo entering and throttle down determined accordingly.
1 (b) - volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) (Volumetric Efficiency VE): * Increasing the number of valves, use the number 4 to 6 valves per cylinder. (Increase the number of valves instead of using a large valve is to reduce the mass of the valve, which have problems when you increase the speed and increase the speed and deceleration) * Variable Valve Timing with Intelligent (VVT-i) control the timing of the intake valves electronically Variable Valve Timing & Lift with Intelligent (VVTL-i) * control the timing and distance to open the valves electronically
Variable Length Intake Manifold (VLIM) * use of variable length of the manifold * The use of annular valves (noise) Sleeve Valve
*, Enter the shipment under pressure (turbochargers and super) turbo and super charging
system Chhin engine. Chhin engine works to increase the efficiency of fullness by 50%.
* Get rid of the remnants of the exhaust cylinder. By increasing the number when the exhaust valves, control the timing of the exhaust valve as well as to the timing of intake valve Dual VVT-i, the work of Anup exhaust per cylinder headers (the idea behind the use of exhaust pipe for each cylinder is to reduce back-pressure in the exhaust system, which hampers efficient Exhaust ).
What is::
The relationship between the volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) and engine torque:
The greater the degree of fullness ذاد engine torque, and for this we find that the torque curve for the speed of rotation of the engine efficiency curve similar fullness. In the slow rotation speeds are low and the efficiency of filling it will be determined shortly, with the increase in speed increases the efficiency of fullness and increased torque, and speed at which the then maximum efficiency is then filled with maximum torque, and increase the speed more than that as a result reduced the degree of fullness of the cargo entering and throttle down determined accordingly.
1 (b) - volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) (Volumetric Efficiency VE): * Increasing the number of valves, use the number 4 to 6 valves per cylinder. (Increase the number of valves instead of using a large valve is to reduce the mass of the valve, which have problems when you increase the speed and increase the speed and deceleration) * Variable Valve Timing with Intelligent (VVT-i) control the timing of the intake valves electronically Variable Valve Timing & Lift with Intelligent (VVTL-i) * control the timing and distance to open the valves electronically
Variable Length Intake Manifold (VLIM) * use of variable length of the manifold * The use of annular valves (noise) Sleeve Valve
*, Enter the shipment under pressure (turbochargers and super) turbo and super charging
system Chhin engine. Chhin engine works to increase the efficiency of fullness by 50%.
* Get rid of the remnants of the exhaust cylinder. By increasing the number when the exhaust valves, control the timing of the exhaust valve as well as to the timing of intake valve Dual VVT-i, the work of Anup exhaust per cylinder headers (the idea behind the use of exhaust pipe for each cylinder is to reduce back-pressure in the exhaust system, which hampers efficient Exhaust ).
Taaaaaaba ...... Auto mechanics .......
Continued:: How can increase the capacity of the engine:::
Volumetric efficiency:
It must be noted that, despite the proven capacity of the engine torque varies according to the speed of rotation of the engine due to the change in volumetric efficiency (the degree of filling cylinders and air-fuel mixture). Known as the volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) Volumetric Efficiency; as the ratio between the volume of cargo entering the engine to engine capacity, or volume of cargo entering the cylinder to cylinder capacity, which is usually in the range of 80% to 90%.
Volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) = volume of air (charge) Actual inside the cylinder (engine) ÷ volume of the cylinder (engine) The efficiency of filling the slot gorge, and the speed of rotation of the engine, and the form and dimensions of the manifold, exhaust and valve opening size and the timing of the valves, the valves are open.
Slow speeds in the piston speed is slow, and the dislocations inside the cylinders and manifold is small and therefore the amount of mixture entering the cylinders are few, and the efficiency of the fullness of a few. With the increase in speed increases the amount of fuel entering the cylinders, and increasing the efficiency of fullness with increased speed.
But with the continued increase in engine speed result in a stampede for the passage of the mixture of slots valves to reduce the amount of fuel entering the cylinders (this is called strangulation and the inability of the engine to breathe breathe) When and by high-speed low efficiency of fullness. ...............
Volumetric efficiency:
It must be noted that, despite the proven capacity of the engine torque varies according to the speed of rotation of the engine due to the change in volumetric efficiency (the degree of filling cylinders and air-fuel mixture). Known as the volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) Volumetric Efficiency; as the ratio between the volume of cargo entering the engine to engine capacity, or volume of cargo entering the cylinder to cylinder capacity, which is usually in the range of 80% to 90%.
Volumetric efficiency (the efficiency of fullness) = volume of air (charge) Actual inside the cylinder (engine) ÷ volume of the cylinder (engine) The efficiency of filling the slot gorge, and the speed of rotation of the engine, and the form and dimensions of the manifold, exhaust and valve opening size and the timing of the valves, the valves are open.
Slow speeds in the piston speed is slow, and the dislocations inside the cylinders and manifold is small and therefore the amount of mixture entering the cylinders are few, and the efficiency of the fullness of a few. With the increase in speed increases the amount of fuel entering the cylinders, and increasing the efficiency of fullness with increased speed.
But with the continued increase in engine speed result in a stampede for the passage of the mixture of slots valves to reduce the amount of fuel entering the cylinders (this is called strangulation and the inability of the engine to breathe breathe) When and by high-speed low efficiency of fullness. ...............
Taaaaaaba ....*** ِAuto mechanics .***....
Continued:: How can increase the capacity of the engine:::
And also to increase the cargo inside the engineIncrease the amount of cargo, up Cylinders (the size of the offset) engine swept volume, is known as the capacity of the engine capacity of the cylinder multiplied by the number of cylinders.
The capacity of the cylinder is the area of the cylinder multiplied by the length of the stroke (the distance between the upper dead point and lower dead point).Displacement [cm 3 (cc), or L] = the number of cylinders × Displacement [cm 3, or L]= Number of cylinders × (length × area of the cylinder stroke)= Number of cylinders × (i / 4 × × box Qatar cylinder half length)1 - (a) - increase the capacity of the engine by: increase the number •
of cylinders (6, 8, 10 .....) increase the •
dimensions of the cylinder (diameter, length of stroke)
And also to increase the cargo inside the engineIncrease the amount of cargo, up Cylinders (the size of the offset) engine swept volume, is known as the capacity of the engine capacity of the cylinder multiplied by the number of cylinders.
The capacity of the cylinder is the area of the cylinder multiplied by the length of the stroke (the distance between the upper dead point and lower dead point).Displacement [cm 3 (cc), or L] = the number of cylinders × Displacement [cm 3, or L]= Number of cylinders × (length × area of the cylinder stroke)= Number of cylinders × (i / 4 × × box Qatar cylinder half length)1 - (a) - increase the capacity of the engine by: increase the number •
of cylinders (6, 8, 10 .....) increase the •
dimensions of the cylinder (diameter, length of stroke)
Taaaaaaba ...... Auto mechanics .......
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The second message:: How can increase the capacity of the engine??
And can increase the capacity of the engine by: -
Increase engine torque or
- Reduce the loss in capacity due to friction inside the engine, or the result of running the engine accessories.
**** The question is how to increase engine torque::
Ways to increase engine torque: Torque is multiplied by the force in the arm, the more Madt force transferred from the piston to the connecting rods as ذاد determined, and the more farmers ذاد force (the length of the annex to the crankshaft crank shaft throw), and could be further determined as follows:
1 - increase the amount of cargo entering the engine. (Cylinders × volumetric efficiency)
2 - Increasing the thermal efficiency (combustion efficiency) of the shipment and take advantage of some of the energy lost with the exhaust gases.
3 - increase the length of the annex to the crankshaft.
4 - Reduce the loss of energy lost in friction, as well as the energy expended to run the engine accessories internal and external (mechanical efficiency).
Volumetric efficiency determine the amount of cargo entering inside the cylinder (engine). The thermal efficiency, it determines the amount of thermal energy that can be drawn from the existing energy of fuel into the engine shipment.
Determine the mechanical efficiency and energy value (capacity) of the remaining Kkrj of the engine, where the energy from fuel is lost as a result of friction part of the moving parts inside the engine and part of effort to run the engine accessories internal and external. ..........................
Auto mechanics
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Increasing Engine Torque
The engine is a source of energy driving the car. It works to convert the fuel energy (income) and the determination of turnover (output). Defines capacity as the product of the torque in the speed of rotation of the engine.
Capacity [kW] = engine torque [Nm] × rotational speed [angle in the second round] The determination depends on the engine torque Engine power generated from the combustion air and fuel mixture, and the more determined the greater the capacity of the engine. Affects the value of the determined value of the force acting on the piston multiplied by the torque arm.
Engine torque [Nm] = force [N] × torque arm [m] = (Pressure × area of the piston shipment) × arm determined
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